{"id":3949,"date":"2018-02-09T14:37:48","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T08:07:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/new-eng\/?p=3949"},"modified":"2026-01-28T12:45:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T06:15:36","slug":"massacre-in-myanmar-a-reuters-special-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/?p=3949","title":{"rendered":"Massacre in Myanmar (A REUTERS SPECIAL REPORT)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row d-block\">\n<div class=\"title-container\">\n<h2 class=\"title\">How Myanmar forces burned, looted and killed in a remote village<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row d-block\">\n<div class=\"dek-container\">\n<p class=\"dek no-photo\">On Sept. 2, Buddhist villagers and Myanmar troops killed 10 Rohingya men in Myanmar\u2019s restive Rakhine state. Reuters uncovered the massacre and has pieced together how it unfolded. During the reporting of this article, two Reuters journalists were arrested by Myanmar police.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row d-block\">\n<div class=\"meta-container\">\n<p class=\"byline\">By WA LONE, KYAW SOE OO,\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:simond.lewis@thomsonreuters.com\">SIMON LEWIS<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:antoni.slodkowski@thomsonreuters.com\">ANTONI SLODKOWSKI<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"time\">Filed\u00a0<time datetime=\"2018-02-08T22:00:00+00:00\">Feb. 8, 2018, 10 p.m. GMT<\/time><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"story-content-container\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"article-row row d-block\">\n<figure id=\"burmese-text-link\" class=\"media-item image text-width col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 offset-lg-1\">\n<div class=\"media-container\">\n<div class=\"d-block\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"paragraph_2\" class=\"article-paragraph\">INN DIN, Myanmar \u2013 Bound together, the 10 Rohingya Muslim captives watched their Buddhist neighbors dig a shallow grave. Soon afterwards, on the morning of Sept. 2, all 10 lay dead. At least two were hacked to death by Buddhist villagers. The rest were shot by Myanmar troops, two of the gravediggers said.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_3\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cOne grave for 10 people,\u201d said Soe Chay, 55, a retired soldier from Inn Din\u2019s Rakhine Buddhist community who said he helped dig the pit and saw the killings. The soldiers shot each man two or three times, he said. \u201cWhen they were being buried, some were still making noises. Others were already dead.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_4\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The killings in the coastal village of Inn Din marked another bloody episode in the ethnic violence sweeping northern Rakhine state, on Myanmar\u2019s western fringe. Nearly\u00a0690,000\u00a0Rohingya Muslims have fled their villages and crossed the border into Bangladesh since August. None of Inn Din\u2019s 6,000 Rohingya remained in the village as of October.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_5\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The Rohingya accuse the army of arson, rapes and killings aimed at rubbing them out of existence in this mainly Buddhist nation of 53 million. The United Nations has said the army may have committed genocide; the United States has called the action ethnic cleansing. Myanmar says its \u201cclearance operation\u201d is a legitimate response to attacks by Rohingya insurgents.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-paragraph\">Rohingya trace their presence in Rakhine back centuries. But most Burmese consider them to be unwanted immigrants from Bangladesh; the army refers to the Rohingya as \u201cBengalis.\u201d In recent years, sectarian tensions have risen and the government has confined more than 100,000 Rohingya in camps where they have limited access to food, medicine and education.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_8\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Reuters has pieced together what happened in Inn Din in the days leading up to the killing of the 10 Rohingya \u2013 eight men and two high school students in their late teens.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_9\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Until now, accounts of the violence against the Rohingya in Rakhine state have been provided only by its victims.\u00a0The Reuters reconstruction draws for the first time on interviews with Buddhist villagers who confessed to torching Rohingya homes, burying bodies and killing Muslims.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_10\" class=\"article-paragraph\">This account also marks the first time soldiers and paramilitary police have been implicated\u00a0by\u00a0testimony from security personnel themselves. Members of the paramilitary police\u00a0gave Reuters insider descriptions of the operation to drive out the Rohingya from Inn Din, confirming that\u00a0the military\u00a0played the lead role in the campaign.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_11\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The slain men\u2019s families, now sheltering in Bangladesh refugee camps, identified the victims through photographs shown to them by Reuters. The dead men were fishermen, shopkeepers, the two teenage students and an Islamic teacher.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_12\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Three photographs, provided to Reuters by a Buddhist village elder, capture key moments in the massacre at Inn Din, from the Rohingya men\u2019s detention by soldiers\u00a0in the early evening of Sept. 1 to their execution shortly after 10 a.m. on Sept. 2. Two photos \u2013 one taken the first day, the other on the day of the killings \u2013 show the 10 captives lined up in a row, kneeling. The final photograph shows the men\u2019s bloodied bodies piled in the shallow grave.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_13\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The Reuters investigation of the Inn Din massacre was what prompted Myanmar police authorities to arrest two of the news agency\u2019s reporters. The reporters, Burmese citizens Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo, were detained on Dec. 12 for allegedly obtaining confidential documents relating to Rakhine.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_14\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Then, on Jan. 10, the military issued a statement that confirmed portions of what Wa Lone, Kyaw Soe Oo and their colleagues were preparing to report, acknowledging that 10 Rohingya men were massacred in the village. It confirmed that Buddhist villagers attacked some of the men with swords and soldiers shot the others dead.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"interactive-bios\" class=\"full-interactive \"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/fingfx.thomsonreuters.com\/gfx\/rngs\/MYANMAR-RAKINE\/010060TD1JR\/index.html?section=bios&amp;initialWidth=1437&amp;childId=interactive-bios&amp;parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Fmyanmar-rakhine-events%2F\" width=\"100%\" height=\"793px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"article-row row d-block\">\n<p id=\"paragraph_16\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The statement coincided with an application to the court by prosecutors to charge Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo under Myanmar\u2019s Official Secrets Act, which dates back to the time of colonial British rule. The charges carry a maximum 14-year prison sentence.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_17\" class=\"article-paragraph\">But the military\u2019s version of events is contradicted in important respects by accounts given to Reuters by Rakhine Buddhist and Rohingya Muslim witnesses. The military said the 10 men belonged to a group of 200 \u201cterrorists\u201d that attacked security forces. Soldiers decided to kill the men, the army said, because intense fighting in the area made it impossible to transfer them to police custody. The army said it would take action against those involved.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_18\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Buddhist villagers interviewed for this article reported no attack by a large number of insurgents on security forces in Inn Din. And Rohingya witnesses told Reuters that soldiers plucked the 10 from among hundreds of men, women and children who had sought safety on a nearby beach.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_19\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Scores of interviews with Rakhine Buddhist villagers, soldiers, paramilitary police, Rohingya Muslims and local administrators further revealed:<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_20\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u2022 The military and paramilitary police organized Buddhist residents of Inn Din and at least two other villages to torch Rohingya homes, more than a dozen Buddhist villagers said. Eleven Buddhist villagers said Buddhists committed acts of violence, including killings. The government and army have repeatedly blamed Rohingya insurgents for burning villages and homes.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_21\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u2022 An order to \u201cclear\u201d Inn Din\u2019s Rohingya hamlets was passed down the command chain from the military, said three paramilitary police officers speaking on condition of anonymity and a fourth police officer at an intelligence unit in the regional capital Sittwe. Security forces wore civilian clothes to avoid detection during raids, one of the paramilitary police officers said.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_22\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u2022 Some members of the paramilitary police looted Rohingya property, including cows and motorcycles, in order to sell it, according to village administrator Maung Thein Chay and one of the paramilitary police officers.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_23\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u2022 Operations in Inn Din were led by the army\u2019s 33rd Light Infantry Division, supported by the paramilitary 8th Security Police Battalion, according to four police officers, all of them members of the battalion.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"video-rakhine\" class=\"media-item video medium col-md-9 col-lg-8\">\n<div class=\"media-container\">\n<div class=\"d-block\"><video id=\"video-rakhine-video\" class=\"video-player\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/video-rakhine.jpg?v=472522080218\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"controls\" width=\"381\" height=\"381\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/video><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption\">The killings in Inn Din<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"paragraph_25\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Michael G. Karnavas, a U.S. lawyer based in The Hague who has worked on cases at international criminal tribunals, said evidence that the military had organized\u00a0Buddhist civilians to commit violence against Rohingya \u201cwould be the closest thing to a smoking gun in establishing not just intent, but even specific genocidal intent, since the attacks seem designed to destroy the Rohingya or at least a significant part of them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_26\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Evidence of the execution of men in government custody also could be used to build a case of crimes against humanity against military commanders, Karnavas said, if it could be shown that it was part of a \u201cwidespread or systematic\u201d campaign targeting the Rohingya population. Kevin Jon Heller, a University of London law professor who served as a legal associate for convicted war criminal and former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic, said an order to clear villages by military command was \u201cunequivocally the crime against humanity of forcible transfer.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"5ODXWG3CQP_13\" class=\"media-item image small col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n<div class=\"media-container\">\n<div class=\"d-block\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid no-display appear\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/rakhine-locator.png?v=472522080218\" width=\"499\" height=\"458\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"paragraph_28\" class=\"article-paragraph\">In December, the United States imposed sanctions on the army officer who had been in charge of Western Command troops in Rakhine, Major General Maung Maung Soe. So far, however, Myanmar has not faced international sanctions over the violence. Myanmar\u2019s leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, has disappointed many former supporters in the West by not speaking out against the army\u2019s actions. They had hoped the election of her National League for Democracy party in 2015 would bring democratic reform and an opening of the country. Instead, critics say, Suu Kyi is in thrall to the generals who freed her from house arrest in 2010.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_29\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Asked about the evidence Reuters has uncovered about the massacre,\u00a0government spokesman Zaw Htay said, \u201cWe are not denying the allegations about violations of human rights. And we are not giving blanket denials.\u201d If there was \u201cstrong and reliable primary evidence\u201d of abuses, the government would investigate, he said. \u201cAnd then if we found the evidence is true and the violations are there, we will take the necessary action according to our existing law.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_30\" class=\"article-paragraph\">When told that paramilitary police officers had said they received orders to \u201cclear\u201d Inn Din\u2019s Rohingya hamlets, he replied, \u201cWe have to verify. We have to ask the Ministry of Home Affairs and Myanmar police forces.\u201d Asked about the allegations of looting by paramilitary police officers, he said the police would investigate.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_31\" class=\"article-paragraph\">He expressed surprise when told that Buddhist villagers had confessed to burning Rohingya homes, then added, \u201cWe recognize that many, many different allegations are there, but we need to verify who did it. It is very difficult in the current situation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_32\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Zaw Htay defended the military operation in Rakhine. \u201cThe international community needs to understand who did the first terrorist attacks. If that kind of terrorist attack took place in European countries, in the United States, in London, New York, Washington, what would the media say?\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_33\" class=\"article-paragraph\">NEIGHBOR TURNS ON NEIGHBOR<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_34\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Inn Din lies between the Mayu mountain range and the Bay of Bengal, about 50 km (30 miles) north of Rakhine\u2019s state capital Sittwe. The settlement is made up of a scattering of hamlets around a school, clinic and Buddhist monastery. Buddhist homes cluster in the northern part of the village. For many years there had been tensions between the Buddhists and their Muslim neighbors, who accounted for almost 90 percent of the roughly 7,000 people in the village. But the two communities had managed to co-exist, fishing the coastal waters and cultivating rice in the paddies.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_35\" class=\"article-paragraph\">In October 2016, Rohingya militants attacked three police posts in northern Rakhine \u2013 the beginning of a new insurgency. After the attacks, Rohingya in Inn Din said many Buddhists stopped hiring them as farmhands and home help. The Buddhists said the Rohingya stopped showing up for work.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_36\" class=\"article-paragraph\">On Aug. 25 last year, the rebels struck again, hitting 30 police posts and an army base. The closest attack was just 4 km to the north.\u00a0In Inn Din, several hundred fearful Buddhists took refuge in the monastery in the center of the village, more than a dozen of their number said. Inn Din\u2019s Buddhist night watchman San Thein, 36, said Buddhist villagers feared being \u201cswallowed up\u201d by their Muslim neighbors. A Buddhist elder said all Rohingya, \u201cincluding children,\u201d were part of the insurgency and therefore \u201cterrorists.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_37\" class=\"article-paragraph\">On Aug. 27, about 80 troops from Myanmar\u2019s 33rd Light Infantry Division arrived in Inn Din, nine Buddhist villagers said. Two paramilitary police officers and Soe Chay, the retired soldier, said the troops belonged to the 11th infantry regiment of this division. The army officer in charge told villagers they must cook for the soldiers and act as lookouts at night, Soe Chay said. The officer promised his troops would protect Buddhist villagers from their Rohingya neighbors. Five Buddhist villagers said the officer told them they could volunteer to join security operations. Young volunteers would need their parents\u2019 permission to join the troops, however.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"KU910MQGL2_14\" class=\"media-item image medium popup-gallery-item col-md-9 col-lg-8\">\n<div class=\"media-container\">\n<div class=\"d-block\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid no-display appear\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/RTX4MBFX.jpg?v=472522080218\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption\">DETAINED: Reuters journalists Wa Lone (foreground) and Kyaw Soe Oo were arrested on Dec. 12 for allegedly obtaining confidential documents related to Rakhine. Here they are seen arriving for a court hearing in Yangon earlier this month. REUTERS\/Jorge Silva<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"paragraph_39\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The army found willing participants among Inn Din\u2019s Buddhist \u201csecurity group,\u201d nine members of the organization and two other villagers said. This informal militia was formed after violence broke out in 2012 between Rakhine\u2019s Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, sparked by reports of the rape and murder of a Buddhist woman by three Muslim men. Myanmar media reported at the time that the three were sentenced to death by a district court.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_40\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Inn Din\u2019s security group built watch huts around the Buddhist part of the village, and its members took turns to stand guard. Its ranks included Buddhist firefighters, school teachers, students and unemployed young men. They were useful to the military because they knew the local geography, said Inn Din\u2019s Buddhist administrator, Maung Thein Chay.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_41\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Most of the group\u2019s 80 to 100 men armed themselves with machetes and sticks. They also had a handful of guns, according to one member. Some wore green fatigue-style clothing they called \u201cmilitia suits.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_42\" class=\"article-paragraph\">In the days that followed the 33rd Light Infantry\u2019s arrival, soldiers, police and Buddhist villagers burned\u00a0most of the homes of Inn Din\u2019s Rohingya Muslims, a dozen Buddhist residents said.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_43\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Two of the paramilitary police officers, both members of the 8th Security Police Battalion, said their\u00a0battalion raided Rohingya hamlets with soldiers from the newly arrived 33rd Light Infantry. One of the police officers said he received verbal orders from his commander to \u201cgo and clear\u201d areas where Rohingya lived, which he took to mean to burn them.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_44\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The second police officer described taking part in several raids on villages north of Inn Din. The raids involved at least 20 soldiers and between five and seven police, he said. A military captain or major led the soldiers, while a police captain oversaw the police team. The purpose of the raids was to deter the Rohingya from returning.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_45\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cIf they have a place to live, if they have food to eat, they can carry out more attacks,\u201d he said. \u201cThat\u2019s why we burned their houses, mainly for security reasons.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"slideshow-grave\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"slideshow-slideshow-grave\" class=\"carousel slide d-block img-text-width\" data-interval=\"false\" data-ride=\"carousel\">\n<div class=\"carousel-inner d-block\" role=\"listbox\">\n<div class=\"media-item item carousel-item active\">\n<div class=\"media-container\">\n<div class=\"d-block\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid no-display appear\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/003-warning.jpg?v=472522080218\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"carousel-caption d-block\">\n<p class=\"caption\">AFTERMATH: Reuters obtained this picture of the slain Rohingya men from a Buddhist elder. The image is deliberately blurred here; click on the arrow to view at full resolution. Reuters shared the photo with Luis Fondebrider, a pathologist. He said injuries on two of the bodies were consistent with \u201cthe action of a machete or something sharp.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"carousel-control-prev\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/#slideshow-slideshow-grave\" data-slide=\"prev\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Previous<\/span><\/a><a class=\"carousel-control-next\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/#slideshow-slideshow-grave\" data-slide=\"next\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Next<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"blockquote \">\n<p class=\"quote\">\u201cI want to be transparent on this case. I don\u2019t want it to happen like that in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n<footer class=\"blockquote-footer credit\">A Rakhine Buddhist elder, explaining why he chose to speak to Reuters about the killings<\/footer>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"paragraph_48\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Soldiers and paramilitary police\u00a0wore civilian shirts and shorts to blend in with the villagers, according to the second police officer and Inn Din\u2019s Buddhist administrator, Maung Thein Chay. If the media identified the involvement of security personnel, the police officer explained, \u201cwe would have very big problems.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_49\" class=\"article-paragraph\">A police spokesman, Colonel Myo Thu Soe, said he knew of no instances of security forces torching villages or wearing civilian clothing. Nor was there any order to \u201cgo and clear\u201d or \u201cset fire\u201d to villages. \u201cThis is very much impossible,\u201d he told Reuters. \u201cIf there are things like that, it should be reported officially, and it has to be investigated officially.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_50\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cAs you\u2019ve told me about these matters now, we will scrutinize and check back,\u201d he added. \u201cWhat I want to say for now is that as for the security forces, there are orders and instructions and step-by-step management, and they have to follow them. So, I don\u2019t think these things happened.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_51\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The army did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_52\" class=\"article-paragraph\">A medical assistant at the Inn Din village clinic, Aung Myat Tun, 20, said he took part in several raids. \u201cMuslim houses were easy to burn because of the thatched roofs. You just light the edge of the roof,\u201d he said. \u201cThe village elders put monks\u2019 robes on the end of sticks to make the torches and soaked them with kerosene. We couldn\u2019t bring phones. The police said they will shoot and kill us if they see any of us taking photos.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_53\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The night watchman San Thein, a leading member of the village security group, said troops first swept through the Muslim hamlets. Then, he said, the military sent in Buddhist villagers to burn the houses.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_54\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cWe got the kerosene for free from the village market after the kalars ran away,\u201d he said, using a Burmese slur for people from South Asia.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_55\" class=\"article-paragraph\">A Rakhine Buddhist youth said he thought he heard the sound of a child inside one Rohingya home that was burned. A second villager said he participated in burning a Rohingya home that was occupied.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_56\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Soe Chay, the retired soldier who was to dig the grave for the 10 Rohingya men, said he participated in one killing. He told Reuters that troops discovered three Rohingya men and a woman hiding beside a haystack in Inn Din on Aug. 28. One of the men had a smartphone that could be used to take incriminating pictures.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"TTBWS4DM0G_20\" class=\"media-item image small popup-gallery-item col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n<div class=\"media-container\">\n<div class=\"d-block\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid no-display appear\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/RTX4J8EU.jpg?v=472522080218\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"caption\">RETICENT: Myanmar\u2019s leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, has disappointed many former supporters in the West by not speaking out against the army\u2019s actions in Rakhine. REUTERS\/Adnan Abidi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"paragraph_58\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The soldiers told Soe Chay to \u201cdo whatever you want to them,\u201d he said. They pointed out the man with the phone and told\u00a0him to stand up. \u201cI started hacking him with a sword, and a soldier shot him when he fell down.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_59\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Similar violence was playing out across a large part of northern Rakhine, dozens of Buddhist and Rohingya residents said.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_60\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Data from the U.N. Operational Satellite Applications Programme shows scores of Rohingya villages in Rakhine state burned in an area stretching 110 km. New York-based Human Rights Watch says more than 350 villages were torched over the three months from Aug. 25, according to an analysis of satellite imagery.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_61\" class=\"article-paragraph\">In the village of Laungdon, some 65 km north of Inn Din, Thar Nge, 38, said he was asked by police and local officials to join a Buddhist security group. \u201cThe army invited us to burn the kalar village at Hpaw Ti Kaung,\u201d he said, adding that four villagers and nearly 20 soldiers and police were involved in the operation. \u201cPolice shot inside the village so all the villagers fled and then we set fire to it. Their village was burned because police believed the villagers supported Rohingya militants \u2013 that\u2019s why they cleaned it with fire.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_62\" class=\"article-paragraph\">A Buddhist student from Ta Man Tha village, 15 km north of Laungdon, said he too participated in the burning of Rohingya homes. An army officer sought 30 volunteers to burn \u201ckalar\u201d villages, said the student. Nearly 50 volunteered and gathered fuel from motorbikes and from a market.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_63\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cThey separated us into several groups. We were not allowed to enter the village directly. We had to surround it and approach the village that way. The army would shoot gunfire ahead of us and then the army asked us to enter,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"blockquote \">\n<p class=\"quote\">\u201cMuslim houses were easy to burn because of the thatched roofs. You just light the edge of the roof.\u201d<\/p>\n<footer class=\"blockquote-footer credit\">Buddhist villager Aung Myat Tun<\/footer>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"paragraph_65\" class=\"article-paragraph\">After the Rohingya had fled Inn Din, Buddhist villagers took their property, including chickens and goats, Buddhist residents told Reuters. But the most valuable goods, mostly motorcycles and cattle, were collected by members of the 8th Security Police Battalion\u00a0and sold, said the first police officer and Inn Din village administrator Maung Thein Chay. Maung Thein Chay said the commander of the 8th Battalion, Thant Zin Oo, struck a deal with Buddhist businessmen from other parts of Rakhine state and sold them cattle. The police officer said he had stolen four cows from Rohingya villagers, only for Thant Zin Oo to snatch them away.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_66\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Reached by phone, Thant Zin Oo did not comment. Colonel Myo Thu Soe, the police spokesman, said the police would investigate the allegations of looting.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_67\" class=\"article-paragraph\">By Sept. 1, several hundred Rohingya from Inn Din were sheltering at a makeshift camp on a nearby beach. They erected tarpaulin shelters to shield themselves from heavy rain.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_68\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Among this group were the 10 Rohingya men who would be killed the next morning. Reuters has identified all of the 10 by speaking to witnesses among Inn Din\u2019s Buddhist community and Rohingya relatives and witnesses tracked down in refugee camps in Bangladesh.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_69\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Five of the men, Dil Mohammed, 35, Nur Mohammed, 29, Shoket Ullah, 35, Habizu, 40, and Shaker Ahmed, 45, were fishermen or fish sellers. The wealthiest of the group, Abul Hashim, 25, ran a store selling nets and machine parts to fishermen and farmers. Abdul Majid, a 45-year-old father of eight, ran a small shop selling areca nut wrapped in betel leaves, commonly chewed like tobacco. Abulu, 17, and Rashid Ahmed, 18, were high school students. Abdul Malik, 30, was an Islamic teacher.<\/p>\n<div id=\"interactive-maps\" class=\"interactive \"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/fingfx.thomsonreuters.com\/gfx\/rngs\/MYANMAR-RAKINE\/010060TD1JR\/index.html?section=maps&amp;initialWidth=1140&amp;childId=interactive-maps&amp;parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Fmyanmar-rakhine-events%2F\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1845px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_71\" class=\"article-paragraph\">According to the statement released by the army on Jan. 10, security forces had gone to a coastal area where they \u201cwere attacked by about 200 Bengalis with sticks and swords.\u201d The statement said that \u201cas the security forces opened fire into the sky, the Bengalis dispersed and ran away. Ten of them were arrested.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_72\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Three Buddhist and more than a dozen Rohingya witnesses contradict this version of events. Their accounts differ from one another in some details. The Buddhists spoke of a confrontation between a small group of Rohingya men and some soldiers near the beach. But there is unanimity on a crucial point: None said the military had come under a large-scale attack in Inn Din.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_73\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Government spokesman Zaw Htay referred Reuters to the army\u2019s statement of Jan. 10 and\u00a0declined to elaborate further.\u00a0The army did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_74\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The Rohingya witnesses, who were on or near the beach, said Islamic teacher Abdul Malik had gone back to his hamlet with his sons to collect food and bamboo for shelter. When he returned, a group of at least seven soldiers and armed Buddhist villagers were following him, these witnesses said. Abdul Malik walked towards the watching Rohingya Muslims unsteadily, with blood dripping from his head. Some witnesses said they had seen one of the armed men strike the back of Abdul Malik\u2019s head with a knife.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_75\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Then the military beckoned with their guns to the crowd of roughly 300 Rohingya to assemble in the paddies, these witnesses said. The soldiers and the Rohingya, hailing from different parts of Myanmar, spoke different languages. Educated villagers translated for their fellow Rohingya.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_76\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cI could not hear much, but they pointed toward my husband and some other men to get up and come forward,\u201d said Rehana Khatun, 22, the wife of Nur Mohammed, one of the 10 who were later slain. \u201cWe heard they wanted the men for a meeting. The military asked the rest of us to return to the beach.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_77\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Soldiers held and questioned the 10 men in a building at Inn Din\u2019s school for a night, the military said. Rashid Ahmed and Abulu had studied there alongside Rakhine Buddhist students until the attacks by Rohingya rebels in October 2016. Schools were shut temporarily, disrupting the pair\u2019s final year.<\/p>\n<div id=\"interactive-grave\" class=\"interactive \"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/fingfx.thomsonreuters.com\/gfx\/rngs\/MYANMAR-RAKINE\/010060TD1JR\/index.html?section=grave&amp;initialWidth=1140&amp;childId=interactive-grave&amp;parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Fmyanmar-rakhine-events%2F\" width=\"100%\" height=\"899px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_79\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cI just remember him sitting there and studying, and it was always amazing to me because I am not educated,\u201d said Rashid Ahmed\u2019s father, farmer Abdu Shakur, 50. \u201cI would look at him reading. He would be the first one in the family to be educated.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_80\" class=\"article-paragraph\">A photograph, taken on the evening the men were detained, shows the two Rohingya students and the eight older men kneeling on a path beside the village clinic, most of them shirtless. They were stripped when first detained, a dozen Rohingya witnesses said.\u00a0It isn\u2019t clear why.\u00a0That evening, Buddhist villagers said, the men were \u201ctreated\u201d to a last meal of beef. They were provided with fresh clothing.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_81\" class=\"article-paragraph\">On Sept. 2, the men were taken to scrubland north of the village, near a graveyard for Buddhist residents, six Buddhist villagers said. The spot is backed by a hill crested with trees. There, on their knees, the 10 were photographed again and questioned by security personnel about the disappearance of a local Buddhist farmer named Maung Ni, according to a Rakhine elder who said he witnessed the interrogation.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_82\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Reuters was not able to establish what happened to Maung Ni. According to Buddhist neighbors, the farmer went missing after leaving home early on Aug. 25 to tend his cattle. Several Rakhine Buddhist and Rohingya villagers told Reuters they believed he had been killed, but they knew of no evidence connecting any of the 10 men to his disappearance. The army said in its Jan. 10 statement that \u201cBengali terrorists\u201d had killed Maung Ni, but did not identify the perpetrators.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_83\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Two of the men pictured behind the Rohingya prisoners in the photograph taken on the morning of Sept. 2 belong to the 8th Security Police Battalion. Reuters confirmed the identities of the two men from their Facebook pages and by visiting them in person.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_84\" class=\"article-paragraph\">One of the two officers, Aung Min, a police recruit from Yangon, stands directly behind the captives. He looks at the camera as he holds a weapon. The other officer, police Captain Moe Yan Naing, is the figure on the top right. He walks with his rifle over his shoulder.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_85\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The day after the two Reuters reporters were arrested in December, Myanmar\u2019s government also announced that Moe Yan Naing had been arrested and was being investigated under the 1923 Official Secrets Act.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_86\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Aung Min, who is not facing legal action, declined to speak to Reuters.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_87\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Three Buddhist youths said they watched from a hut as the 10 Rohingya captives were led up a hill by soldiers towards the site of their deaths.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_88\" class=\"article-paragraph\">One of the gravediggers, retired soldier Soe Chay, said Maung Ni\u2019s sons were invited by the army officer in charge of the squad to strike the first blows.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_89\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The first son beheaded the Islamic teacher, Abdul Malik, according to Soe Chay. The second son hacked another of the men in the neck.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"related-container col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"related-header component-header\">REUTERS INVESTIGATES<\/p>\n<ol class=\"related-list list-group\">\n<li class=\"external list-group-item mb-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-display appear\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/2017-rebuild\/r_h_lg_rgb_ps.png?v=472522080218\" \/><\/a>More Reuters investigations and long-form narratives<\/li>\n<li class=\"external list-group-item mb-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/tips\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-display appear\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/assets\/2017-rebuild\/lock.jpg?v=472522080218\" \/><\/a>Got a confidential news tip? Reuters Investigates offers several ways to securely contact our reporters<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p id=\"paragraph_91\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cAfter the brothers sliced them both with swords, the squad fired with guns. Two to three shots to one person,\u201d said Soe Chay. A second gravedigger, who declined to be identified, confirmed that soldiers had shot some of the men.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_92\" class=\"article-paragraph\">In its Jan. 10 statement, the military said the two brothers and a third villager had \u201ccut the Bengali terrorists\u201d with swords and then, in the chaos, four members of the security forces had shot the captives. \u201cAction will be taken against the villagers who participated in the case and the members of security forces who broke the Rules of Engagement under the law,\u201d the statement said. It didn\u2019t spell out those rules.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_93\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Tun Aye, one of the sons of Maung Ni, has been detained on murder charges, his lawyer said on Jan. 13. Contacted by Reuters on Feb. 8, the lawyer declined to comment further.\u00a0Reuters was unable to reach the other brother.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_94\" class=\"article-paragraph\">In October, Inn Din locals pointed\u00a0two Reuters reporters towards an area of brush behind the hill where they said the killings took place. The reporters discovered a newly cut trail leading to soft, recently disturbed earth littered with bones. Some of the bones were entangled with scraps of clothing and string that appeared to match the cord that is seen binding the captives\u2019 wrists in the photographs. The immediate area was marked by the smell of death.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_95\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Reuters showed photographs of the site to three forensic experts: Homer Venters, director of programs at Physicians for Human Rights; Derrick Pounder, a pathologist who has consulted for Amnesty International and the United Nations; and Luis Fondebrider, president of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, who investigated the graves of those killed under Argentina\u2019s military junta in the 1970s and 1980s. All observed human remains, including the thoracic part of a spinal column, ribs, scapula, femur and tibia. Pounder said he couldn\u2019t rule out the presence of animal bones as well.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_96\" class=\"article-paragraph\">The Rakhine Buddhist\u00a0elder provided Reuters reporters with a photograph which shows the aftermath of the execution. In it, the 10 Rohingya men are wearing the same clothing as in the previous photo and are tied to each other with the same yellow\u00a0cord, piled into a small hole in the earth, blood pooling around them. Abdul Malik, the Islamic teacher, appears to have been beheaded. Abulu, the student, has a gaping wound in his neck. Both injuries appear consistent with Soe Chay\u2019s account.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_97\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Forensic pathologist Fondebrider reviewed this picture. He said injuries visible on two of the bodies were consistent with \u201cthe action of a machete or something sharp that was applied on the throat.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_98\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Some family members did not know for sure that the men had been killed until Reuters returned to their shelters in Bangladesh in January.<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_99\" class=\"article-paragraph\">\u201cI can\u2019t explain what I feel inside. My husband is dead,\u201d said Rehana Khatun, wife of Nur Mohammed. \u201cMy husband is gone forever. I don\u2019t want anything else, but I want justice for his death.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_100\" class=\"article-paragraph\">In Inn Din, the Buddhist elder explained why he chose to share evidence\u00a0of the killings with Reuters. \u201cI want to be transparent on this case. I don\u2019t want it to happen like that in future.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"signoff \" data-id=\"0R3CFZYHPS_36\">\n<div class=\"article-row\">\n<p id=\"paragraph_102\" class=\"article-paragraph\"><strong id=\"8OC4UO4DY8_37\" class=\"styled-item \">Massacre in Myanmar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_103\" class=\"article-paragraph\">By Wa Lone, Kyaw Soe Oo, Simon Lewis and Antoni Slodkowski<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_104\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Graphics: Jessica Wang, Simon Scarr and Matthew Weber<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_105\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Photo editing: Thomas White<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_106\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Video: Matthew Larotonda and Ryan Brooks<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_107\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Design: Troy Dunkley<\/p>\n<p id=\"paragraph_108\" class=\"article-paragraph\">Edited by Janet McBride, Martin Howell and Alex Richardson<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/myanmar-rakhine-events\/\">Reuters<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Myanmar forces burned, looted and killed in a remote village On Sept. 2, Buddhist villagers and Myanmar troops killed 10 Rohingya men in Myanmar\u2019s restive Rakhine state. Reuters uncovered the massacre and has pieced together how it unfolded. During the reporting of this article, two Reuters journalists were arrested by Myanmar police. By WA [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3950,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3949"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3951,"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3949\/revisions\/3951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitymyanmar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}